Menu
Publications
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
Editor-in-Chief
Nikiforov
Vladimir O.
D.Sc., Prof.
Partners
doi: 10.17586/2226-1494-2022-22-4-643-649
Polarization extinction ratio in polarization maintaining fiber sealed with glass solder
Read the full article
';
Article in Russian
For citation:
Abstract
For citation:
Kalugin E.E., Mukhtubaev A.B., Meshkovskiy I.K. Polarization extinction ratio in polarization maintaining fiber sealed with glass solder. Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, 2022, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 643–649 (in Russian). doi: 10.17586/2226-1494-2022-22-4-643-649
Abstract
The paper considers the effect of sealing with glass solder a pair of optical polarization maintaining fibers with an elliptical stress cladding on the value of the polarization extinction ratio. A variant with the placement of non-working fibers in the sealing area to create the symmetry of induced mechanical stresses is proposed. An experimental study of the contribution of the induced mechanical stresses on the value of the polarization extinction ratio has been performed. The assessment of temperature effect on the coefficient of polarization extinction in the place of sealing of optical polarization maintaining fibers has been made. Sealing of fibers in a metal tube was performed using a glass solder preform and an induction heater. Evaluation of the polarization extinction ratio was obtained by white-light interferometry using the scanning Michelson interferometer. The value of the polarization extinction ratio was measured on 4 samples with a length of working fibers of 4 meters. This experiment shows that creation of isometry structure in the area of sealing by addition of non-working fibers allows decreasing the polarization extinction ratio from 0.082 dB/K to 0.035 dB/K in the temperature range from –15 °C to +70 °C. This method allows the sealing of several fibers in one tube to reduce the size of the devices. The performed research can be useful in the development of optoelectronic devices where it is required to introduce optical birefringent fibers in a sealed housing.
Keywords: polarization maintaining (PM) fibers, polarization extinction ratio, glass solder, cross-polarization coupling, sealing
Acknowledgements. The work is financially supported by Priority 2030 program.
References
Acknowledgements. The work is financially supported by Priority 2030 program.
References
-
Lefèvre H The Fiber-Optic Gyroscopes. 2nd ed. Artech House, 2014, pp. 317–331.
-
Kaminow I.P. Polarization-maintaining fibers. Applied Scientific Research, 1984, vol. 41, no. 3-4, pp. 257–270. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00382456
-
Moody J., Morris R. Hermetically packaged LiNbO3 optical circuit with oxidizing fill gas. Patent US8070368B1, 2010.
-
Iwamoto N.E., Sanders S.J., Gallaghan T.J., Yates S., Taranta A., Grooms J.C., Warrensford K.L. Stabilizing gas in an optical gyro based on an inorganic waveguide. Patent EP3270107B1, 2018.
-
Mottet A., Jillard S., Hauden J., Grossard N., Porte H., Tchahame J., Veyrié D., Gilard O. Packaging Improvement of LiNbO3 modulators and Space evaluation results. Proceedings of SPIE, 2018, vol. 11180, pp. 111803K. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2536047
-
Donaldson A., Freer S.J. Lithium niobate devices.Patent GB2306690A, 1997.
-
Dietz R.L. Sealing optical fibers without metallization: design guidelines. Proceedings of SPIE, 2004, vol. 5454, pp. 111–120. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.554264
-
Shaw M., Galeotti R., Coppo G. Method of fixing an optical fibre in a laser package. Proc. of the 51st Electronic Components and Technology Conference, 2001, pp. 1441–1446. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECTC.2001.928025
-
Liokumovich L.B. Polarization Effects in Fiber Interferometers Based on Birefringent Optical Fiber Waveguides. Dissertation for the degree of doctor of physical and mathematical sciences. St. Petersburg, 2008, 333 p. (in Russian)
-
Marcuse D. Coupled-mode theory for anisotropic optical waveguides. Bell System Technical Journal, 1975, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 985–995. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1975.tb02878.x
-
Mukhtubaev A.B. The polarization cross-coupling influence on the Sagnac phase shift in a fiber-optic gyroscope. Academic dissertation сandidate of engineering. St. Petersburg, 2020, 199 p. (in Russian)
-
Aksarin S.M. Investigation of polarization Methods and Technologies for Matching Fiber-Optic and Integrated-Optical Waveguides. Dissertation for the degree of candidate of technical sciences. St. Petersburg, 2014, 116 p. (in Russian)
-
Mukhtubayev A.B., Aksarin S.M., Strigalev V.E. Polarization extinction ratio of the polarization crosstalk caused by point pressure force in the polarization-maintaining fiber. Optical Fiber Technology, 2017, vol. 38, pp. 119–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2017.09.010
-
Namihira Y., Kudo M., Mushiaka Y. Effect of mechanical stress on the transmission characteristics of optical fibers. Trans. Inst. Electron. Commun. Eng. Japan, 1977, vol. 60, no. 7, pp. 107–115.
-
Suhir E. Mechanical behavior of optical fibers and interconnects: application of analytical modelling. Encyclopedia of Continuum Mechanics. Springer, 2020, pp. 1528–1532. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55771-6_371
