Menu
Publications
2025
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
Editor-in-Chief
Nikiforov
Vladimir O.
D.Sc., Prof.
Partners
doi: 10.17586/2226-1494-2024-24-6-899-906
Development and investigation of the suppressing additive noises methods in fiber-optic interferometric sensors
Read the full article
';
Article in Russian
For citation:
Abstract
For citation:
Volkov A.V., Malmakin A.P., Ushanov S.A. Development and investigation of the suppressing additive noises methods in fiber-optic interferometric sensors. Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, 2024, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 899–906 (in Russian). doi: 10.17586/2226-1494-2024-24-6-899-906
Abstract
The results of the investigation and develop of the suppressing additive noise methods in fiber-optic interferometric sensors, in which optical scheme is based on a two-beam Michelson interferometer, are presented. The proposed solutions are designed to reduce the level of additive noise and to increase the signal-to-noise ratio in the fiber-optic interferometric sensor phase signal. The first proposed method assumes the insertion of an additional photodetector into the optical scheme of the sensor, which allows simultaneous registration of the same interference signal twice. In the optical scheme of the second proposed method, an additional fiber delay line is included, which allows to interrogate the same sensor twice. Mathematical analysis based on the coherent averaging of signals is applied for the suppressing of the additive noises. Coherent averaging of signals allows, without changing the useful component of the phase signal, to reduce the additive noise level by the value which is proportional to the square root of the averaged signals number. The experimental study of the proposed suppressing additive noise methods presented a decrease of the noise level by factor of 1.4 and an increase of the signal-to-noise ratio on an average by 2.87 dB in the frequency range from 250 to 2250 Hz in the phase signal of the fiber-optic interferometric sensor. The proposed methods of the suppressing additive noise can be used to increase the signal-to-noise ratio in fiber-optic measuring systems based on the interferometric sensors arrays, such as fiber-optic towed and bottom seismic streamers, perimeter security systems, fiber-optic navigation systems and complexes.
Keywords: fiber optic phase sensor, dual-beam interferometer, signal processing, additive noise, electronics noise, coherent averaging
Acknowledgements. The research was carried out within the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Project No. FSER-2024-0006).
References
Acknowledgements. The research was carried out within the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Project No. FSER-2024-0006).
References
- Udd E., Spillman W.B.,Jr. Fiber Optic Sensors: An Introduction for Engineers and Scientists. 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, 2011, 506 p.
- Yu F.T.S., Ruffin P.B., Yin S. Fiber Optic Sensors. 2nd ed. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2008, 494 p.
- Butusov M.M., Galkin S.L., Orobinskii S.P. Fiber Optics and Instrument Engineering. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1987, 328 p. (in Russian)
- Cole J.H., Kirkendall C., Dandridge A., Cogdell G., Giallorenzi T.G. Twenty–five years of interferometric fiber optic acoustic sensors at the Naval Research Laboratory. Washington Academic Science Journal, 2004, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 18.
- Jackson D.A., Dandridge A., Sheem S.K. Measurement of small phase shifts using a single-mode optical-fiber interferometer. Optics Letters, 1980, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 139–141. https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.5.000139
- Leach W.M. Fundamentals of low-noise analog circuit design. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1994, vol. 82, no. 10, pp. 1515–1538. https://doi.org/10.1109/5.326411
- Kirkendall C.K., Dandridge A. Overview of high performance fibre-optic sensing. Applied Physics, 2004, vol. 37, no. 18, pp. R197–R216. https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/37/18/r01
- Blotekjaer K. Fundamental noise sources that limit the ultimate resolution of fiber optic sensors. Proceedings of SPIE, 1998, vol. 3555, pp. 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.318192
- Kireenkov A.Iu. Fiber-optic interferometric methods for constructing the measuring systems based on a surface-emitting laser. Dissertation for the degree of candidate of technical sciences. St. Petersburg, NIU ITMO, 2017, 155 p. (in Russian)
- Volkov A.V. Methods for suppressing phase noise and interference in an array of fiber-optic interferometric sensors. Dissertation for the degree of candidate of technical sciences. St. Petersburg, NIU ITMO, 2019, 177 p. (in Russian)
- Plotnikov M.J., Kulikov A.V., Strigalev V.E., Meshkovsky I.K. Dynamic range analysis of the phase generated carrier demodulation technique. Advances in Optical Technologies, 2014, vol. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/81510
- Dandridge A. Zero path-length difference in fiber-optic interferometers. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1983, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 514–516. https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.1983.1072134
- Kersey A.D., Berkoff T.A. Passive laser phase noise suppression technique for fiber interferometers. Proceedings of SPIE, 1991, vol. 1367, pp. 310–319. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.24759
- Plotnikov M.Yu., Volkov A.V. Method of measuring phase signal of double-beam fibre-optic interferometer. Patent RU2719635C1, 2020. (in Russian)
- Plotnikov M.Y., Volkov A.V. Adaptive phase noise cancellation technique for fiber-optic interferometric sensors. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2021, vol. 39, no. 14, pp. 4853–4860. https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2021.3075781
- Christian T.R., Frank P.A., Houston B.H. Real-time analog and digital demodulator for interferometric fiber optic sensors. Proceedings of SPIE, 1994, vol. 2191, pp. 324–337. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.173962
- Wang L., Zhang M., Mao X., Liao Y. The arctangent approach of digital PGC demodulation for optic interferometric sensors. Proceedings of SPIE, 2006, vol. 6292, pp. 62921E. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.678455
- Nikitenko A.N., Plotnikov M.Y., Volkov A.V., Mekhrengin M.V., Kireenkov A.Y. PGC-Atan demodulation scheme with the carrier phase delay compensation for fiber-optic interferometric sensors. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2018, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 1985–1992.
- Dandridge A., Tveten A.B. Properties of diode lasers with intensity noise control. Applied Optics, 1983, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 310–312. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.22.000310
- Bennett S.M. Apparatus and method for electronic RIN reduction in fiber-optic sensors. Patent US6370289B1, 2002.
- Lyons R.G. Understanding Digital Signal Processing. Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 1997, 517 p
- Johnson R.A., Miller I., Freund J.E. Probability and Statistics for Engineers. London, Pearson Education, 2000, 642 p.
- Spiegel M.R., Stephens L.J. Schaum's Outline of Theory and Problems of Statistics. McGraw-Hill, 1999, 538 p.
