ЭКЗОСКЕЛЕТЫ НИЖНИХ КОНЕЧНОСТЕЙ: КРАТКИЙ ОБЗОР

Приведен краткий обзор по теме экзоскелетов нижних конечностей, выпущенных до настоящего времени, с описанием их конструкционных и технологических особенностей, а также недостатков. Экзоскелет представляет собой устройство, предназначенное для восполнения утраченных функций человека-оператора, увеличения силы его мышц и расширения амплитуды движений за счет внешнего каркаса и приводящих частей. Экзоскелеты нижних конечностей разрабатываются учеными для поддержки людей, утративших частично или полностью работу нижних конечностей.История исследований и разработок этой области берет начало в 1960-х годах. За долгие годы учеными и исследователями всего мира был достигнут высокий прогресс. В условиях современного состояния науки и техники существуют различные стратегии и подходы к управлению экзоскелетами, однако сложно разработать тот подход, который наделит эти устройства сверхэффективностью и естественностью. В статье показаны проблемы, которые необходимо решить, и будущие тенденции в этой области.  Ключевым недостатком экзоскелетов долгие годы остается ограниченная доступность их использования широкому слою населения в связи с высокой стоимостью устройств. Остаются открытыми вопросы проектирования, безопасности, уменьшения конструкции и оптимизации. Поскольку эта технология является относительно развивающейся, данный обзор может помочь в проведении текущих исследований и составить рекомендации для проведения будущих разработок в области экзоскелетов нижних конечностей.

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