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Главный редактор
НИКИФОРОВ
Владимир Олегович
д.т.н., профессор
Партнеры
doi: 10.17586/2226-1494-2026-26-2-223-235
УДК 543.4
Флуоресцентные исследования природных фотосенсибилизаторов в онкологии и антимикробной терапии
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Язык статьи - русский
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Аннотация
Ссылка для цитирования:
Евтифеев Д.О., Зюбин А.Ю., Демишкевич Е.А., Самусев И.Г. Флуоресцентные исследования природных фотосенсибилизаторов в онкологии и антимикробной терапии // Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики. 2026. Т. 26, № 2. С. 223–235. doi: 10.17586/2226-1494-2026-26-2-223-235
Аннотация
Введение. Представлен обзор современных работ по применению перспективных природных фотосенсибилизаторов для целей фотодинамической терапии и фотодинамической инактивации микроорганизмов. Рассмотрены актуальные фотосенсибилизаторы с высокой селективностью, высоким квантовым выходом синглетного кислорода и минимальной темной токсичностью. Показано, что природные соединения — куркумин, гиперицин, рибофлавин, берберин, хлорофиллоиды, псоралены и антрациклины являются перспективными кандидатами фотодинамической терапии благодаря биосовместимости и богатому спектру фото и биохимических свойств. Проведен обзор перспективных редких и менее изученных фотосенсибилизаторов. Метод. Выполнен обобщающий анализ современных научных работ, а также анализ экспериментальных данных по стационарной, времяразрешенной флуоресценции и микроскопии (конфокальной и флуоресцентной микроскопией с визуализацией времени жизни (FLIM)) природных фотосенсибилизаторов, в том числе их терапевтической и антимикробной активности in vitro и in vivo по классам, фотофизическим свойствам, особенностям практического применения. Основные результаты. Показано, что гиперицин и периленхиноны достигают квантового выхода синглетного кислорода для измерений в растворах синглетного кислорода примерно 0,5–0,6 при ε более 4·104 л·моль–1·см–1, обеспечивая эффективную фотодинамическую терапию опухолей и логарифмическое снижение (6–7 lg КОЕ) бактериальной нагрузки при умеренных дозах излучения (менее 20 Дж·см–2). Куркумин и рибофлавин совмещают терапевтический эффект с яркой флуоресценцией, позволяя вести оптический мониторинг «в реальном времени». Псоралены реализуют альтернативный механизм фотосшивки ДНК под воздействием длинноволнового ультрафиолетового излучения, что лежит в основе терапии, на основе применения псораленов и длинноволнового ультрафиолетового излучения, а также обеззараживания крови. Комплексирование с ионами лантаноидов или апконверсионными наночастицами расширяет спектр возбуждения до ближнего инфракрасного диапазона и усиливает диагностический сигнал. Отдельно рассмотрены малоизученные природные фотосенсибилизаторы, обладающие перспективными свойствами для фотодинамической терапии. Обсуждение. По результатам обзора показано, что природные фотосенсибилизаторы могут быть универсальной основой для одновременного лечения и оптического мониторинга онкологических и инфекционных процессов, а их встраивание в наноструктуры — включая системы на редкоземельных ионах — позволяет увеличить глубину проникновения излучения и добиться точной визуализации в глубоколежащих тканях, открывая дорогу к клиническому внедрению гибридных фототерапевтических технологий нового поколения. Продемонстрированы перспективы и направления применения уже существующих природных фотосенсибилизаторов в зависимости от их класса и фотофизических свойств.
Ключевые слова: фотодинамическая терапия, флуоресценция, природные фотосенсибилизаторы, редкоземельные металлы, синглетный кислород
Благодарности. Исследование выполнено в рамках Федерального проекта государственного задания Министерства образования и науки Российской Федерации (проект № FZWM-2024-0010).
Список литературы
Благодарности. Исследование выполнено в рамках Федерального проекта государственного задания Министерства образования и науки Российской Федерации (проект № FZWM-2024-0010).
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