We have completed modeling of a laser pulse influence on a gold target. We have applied a hybrid atomistic-continuum model to analyze the physical mechanisms responsible for the process of nanostructuring. The model combines the advantages of Molecular Dynamics and Two Temperature Model. We have carried out a direct comparison of the modeling results and experimental data on nano-modification due to a single ps laser pulse at the energy densities significantly exceeding the melting threshold. The experimental data is obtained due to a laser pulse irradiation at the wavelength of 248 nm and duration of 1.6 ps. The mask projection (diffraction grating) creates the sinusoidal intensity distribution on a gold surface with periods of 270 nm, 350 nm, and 500 nm. The experimental data and modeling results have demonstrated a good match subject to complex interrelations between a fast material response to the laser excitation, generation of crystal defects, phase transitions and hydrodynamic motion of matter under condition of strong laser-induced non-equilibrium. The performed work confirms the proposed approach as a powerful tool for revealing the physical mechanisms underlying the process of nanostructuring of metal surfaces. Detailed understanding of the dynamics of these processes gives the possibility for designing the topology of functional surfaces on nano- and micro-scales

Subject of Research. This work describes for the first time the formation of antireflective coating on the base of boehmite phase of AlOOH with low refractive index (1.35) by inkjet printing on the nonporous substrate. This method gives the possibility to increase the contrast of colorful interfering images by 32% obtaining by inkjet printing of titanium dioxide sol. The usage of this technology enables to obtain patterns with wide viewing angle and makes them highly stable. Methods. Traditional sol-gel method with peptizing agents and heating for 90oC  was applied for sol synthesis. Then the mixture was under sonic treatment for the obtaining of viscous sol. The viscosity was determined by Brookfield HA/HB viscometer, and the surface tension by Kyowa DY-700 tensiometer. Aluminum oxide ink was deposited on polished slides (26×76 mm2, Paul Marienfeld, Germany), over titanium oxide layer. To print titania ink, we use a desktop office printer Canon Pixma IP 2840 and Dimatix DMP-2831. The thickness of an inkjet AlOOH layer after drying in the air and removal of the solvents did not exceed 150 nm with an RI not less than 1.35 in the entire visible range. Results. The stable colloidal ink was obtained for the first time on the base of aluminum oxide matrix with neutral pH. The rheology was regulated by controlling parameters of sol-gel method in the system of aqueous titanium dioxide sol and by adding ethanol that affects the charge of double electrical layer of disperse phase. The controllable coalesce of drops enables to apply antireflection coating within the thickness accuracy of 10 nm. The morphology of particles and the topology of printed structures were analyzed by optical, scanning electron and atomic-force microscopes. Practical Relevance. We have proposed the approach to obtain colorful, interference patterns using two types of high refractive inks with different refractive indexes. The inkjet printing method opens new opportunities for preparing optical waveguides and forming photon-induction panels for new generation of computers. 

Subject of Research. The paper deals withan approach to the image quality improvement of the underlying surface, obtained by space-based facilities in the visible spectrum. The approach is based on the idea of the region image synthesis with different exposures. This enables to increase the dynamic range of image brightness and display bright and poorly lighted places on the result picture. The relevance of the proposed approach is confirmed by simulation results of objects image quality under a variety of lighting conditions. Linear ground resolution is selected as the quality indicator. Main Results. We have carried out behavior analysis of possible changes in the lighting conditions of the underlying surface in the range of onboard equipment swath of spacecraft observation.We have performed calculation of the terrain linear resolution in narrow spectral ranges of visible light for the space image fragments of the underlying surface with different illumination. It was concluded that the quality of satellite images is limited, since the parameters of onboard equipment monitoring are not selected individually for each object detected within the swath. We have proposed an approach to improve the image quality. Practical Relevance. The proposed approach to the processing of the Earth remote sensing data gives the possibility to obtain images suitable for interpretation with account for specific features of illumination area, as well as to improve the dataware accuracy during the survey support and mapping of areas.

The paper deals with robust output control algorithm for multivariable plants under disturbances. A plant is described by the system of linear differential equations with known relative degrees. Plant parameters are unknown but belong to the known closed bounded set. Plant state vector is unmeasured. Plant output is measured only via static quantizer. Control system algorithm is based on the high gain feedback method. Developed controller provides exponential convergence of tracking error to the bounded area. The area bounds depend on quantizer parameters and the value of external disturbances.  Experimental approbation of the proposed control algorithm is performed with the use of Twin Rotor MIMO System laboratory bench. This bench is a helicopter like model with two degrees of freedom (pitch and yaw). DC motors are used as actuators. The output signals are measured via optical encoders. Mathematical model of laboratory bench is obtained. Proposed algorithm was compared with proportional - integral – differential controller in conditions of output quantization. Obtained results have confirmed the efficiency of proposed controller.                                  

Polymer polyelectrolyte hydrogel composites of acrylic acid and acrylamide copolymer filled with different amounts of bentonite (from 1 to 5 wt.%) were synthesized. Collapse kinetics of hydrogel composites was studied in solutions of different concentrations of polyvalent metal salts at a constant temperature of 25 °C. The mass of water given away from hydrogels into the solution was determined by gravimetric method. It has been found that the presence of bentonite in the polyelectrolyte hydrogel composites prevents to some extent collapse in electrolyte solutions, due to steric and electrostatic interactions between the filler particles. These interactions preclude further collapse of hydrogels. The Peleg's kinetic model, most precisely describing experimental data, was applied to calculation of kinetic constants of polymer hydrogels collapse. It is shown that the initial collapse rate and the kinetic constant of collapse and swelling depend non-monotonically on the concentration (ionic strength) in the electrolyte solution. At the identical concentration of salts in the solution the kinetic constant of hydrogel collapse is independent of the radius of ions of metals of the studied salts.

The paper deals with СuОfilms on the fluorophosphate glass surface composed of 25Na2O-50P2O5-10Ga2O3-10AlF3-5ZnO doped with 2, 4, 5 mol. %. CuCl over 100%. The films are obtained by the out-diffusion mechanism within the heat retreatment of the samples. We have studied the influence of copper concentration, redox conditions of the synthesis and the temperature - time parameters of heat treatment. X-ray phase analysis has shown that in the heat treatment temperature range of T = 380 – 420°C in the air the CuO film is formed by nanocrystals with an average size of 16 – 18 nm, and the increasing of heat treatment temperature and time leads only to the film thickness growth. It is shown that the film surface consists of crystallites with irregular shape; the lateral size is in the range of 100–350 nm, and the visible part level is equal to 15–25 nm. The average surface roughness measured on a scan area of 1×1 µm is equal to 3.1 nm. It is found out that Cu2O or metallic copper nanocrystals are formed in reducing conditionsdepending on the duration of the heat treatment process.

This paper presents a training technology for staff of mass events for development of action skills in large gatherings of people, including crowd dynamic management and actions in extreme situations caused by the panic. The technology is based on the multi-agent model of crowd dynamic with dynamically re-computable navigation fields. We implemented the software system that provides a collaborative and distributed process of training activities in the virtual reality environment. The following characteristics of the developed software system available from experimental studies were analyzed: computational intensity of simulations, scalability of rendering system and reactivity of the final system when rendering computationally intensive scenes. The proposed models and infrastructure for training through collaborative immersion in the virtual reality can improve situational awareness of events staff prior to the event. The developed technology is a unique tool for improving the quality and safety of disposable and unique events involving the broad masses of people, including unfunded by retrospective experience mass gatherings. Developed technology was tested within the Kumbh Mela festival in Ujjain, India.

Subject of Research. The paper deals with methods and algorithms for mutual transformation of related pairs of images in order to enhance the capabilities of cross-modal multimedia retrieval (CMMR) technologies. We have thoroughly studied the problem of mutual transformation of face images of various kinds (e.g. photos and drawn pictures). This problem is widely represented in practice. Research is this area is based on existing datasets. The algorithms we have proposed in this paper can be applied to arbitrary pairs of related images due to the unified mathematical specification. Method. We have presented three image transformation algorithms. The first one is based on principal component analysis and Karhunen-Loève transform (1DPCA/1DKLT). Unlike the existing solution, it does not use the training set during the transformation process. The second algorithm assumes generation of an image population. The third algorithm performs the transformation based on two-dimensional principal component analysis and Karhunen-Loève transform (2DPCA/2DKLT). Main Results. The experiments on image transformation and population generation have revealed the main features of each algorithm. The first algorithm allows construction of an accurate and stable model of transition between two given sets of images. The second algorithm can be used to add new images to existing bases and the third algorithm is capable of performing the transformation outside the training dataset. Practical Relevance. Taking into account the qualities of the proposed algorithms, we have provided recommendations concerning their application. Possible scenarios include construction of a transition model for related pairs of images, mutual transformation of the images inside and outside the dataset as well as population generation in order to increase representativeness of existing datasets. Thus, the proposed algorithms can be used to improve reliability of face recognition performed on images of various kinds. Moreover, these techniques can be applied to address a wide variety of other CMMR problems.

The paper presents research results of supporting the planning automation procedures and design in the field of urban design in order to reduce the design cycle duration. We show the methods of development and formalization of quantitative criteria for urban design. Two algorithms are proposed to support the urban area planning process at the early design stages without sufficient time-consuming. The planning process involves several alternatives. The algorithms give the possibility to automate the calculation of the required components of the urban area plan. The first algorithm assesses the required adjacent house territorybased on the existing configuration of buildings with the possibility of its preservation, as well as restrictions on the further planning stages in view of maintaining the existing plan. The second algorithm performs a plan of possible routes between the buildings and enables to carry out an optimal integration of the projected quarter in the urban environment. The given solution provides for a formal review of the project by specialists at the later stages of planning. Although the offered automated tools do not provide an optimal solution, they give the possibility to estimate the potential of planning decisions at the early stages of design. Implementation of the evaluation criteria in the automated design system  enables the architects to reduce the number of errors detected by the specialized experts at the later stages of work. The planner's overall operation process is accelerated and simplified significantly. The proposed algorithms are integrated into the system of urban planning qua-kit.ethz.ch. Development results can be used in the planning process as well as for educational purposes. 

The paper considers a problem of automatic domain term extraction from documents corpus by means of a contrast collection. Existing contrastive methods successfully extract often used terms but mishandle rare terms. This could yield poorness of the resulting thesaurus. Assessment of point-wise mutual information is one of the known statistical methods of term extraction and it finds rare terms successfully. Although, it extracts many false terms at that. The proposed approach consists of point-wise mutual information application for rare terms extraction and filtering of candidates by criterion of joint occurrence with the other candidates. We build “documents-by-terms” matrix that is subjected to singular value decomposition to eliminate noise and reveal strong interconnections. Then we pass on to the resulting matrix “terms-by-terms” that reproduces strength of interconnections between words. This approach was approved on a documents collection from “Geology” domain with the use of contrast documents from such topics as “Politics”, “Culture”, “Economics” and “Accidents” on some Internet resources. The experimental results demonstrate operability of this method for rare terms extraction

We propose a method of information security monitoring for a wireless network segments of low-power devices, "smart house", "Internet of Things". We have carried out the analysis of characteristics of systems based on wireless technologies, resulting from passive surveillance and active polling of devices that make up the network infrastructure. We have considered a number of external signs of unauthorized access to a wireless network by the potential information security malefactor. The model for analysis of information security conditions is based on the identity, quantity, frequency, and time characteristics. Due to the main features of devices providing network infrastructure, estimation of information security state is directed to the analysis of the system normal operation, rather than the search for signatures and anomalies during performance of various kinds of information attacks. An experiment is disclosed that provides obtaining statistical information on the remote wireless devices, where the accumulation of data for decision-making is done by comparing the statistical information service messages from end nodes in passive and active modes. We present experiment results of the information influence on a typical system. The proposed approach to the analysis of network infrastructure statistical data based on naive Bayesian classifier can be used to determine the state of information security.

The paper deals with the problems of peer-to-peer systems such as Device-to-Device (D2D) operating in 5G networks. First, we consider the task of ensuring secure, direct connections between mobile users by utilizing the developed simulator. We present results of the dynamic user clustering in geographical proximity exchanging packet data and Levy flight mobility model. The study results give the possibility to determine benefits of the technology integration in the 3GPP LTE network in terms of throughput. We have shown that technology implementation provides a system capacity increase up to 30% with a slight growth in the time required for the initialization of direct connections. The results may be useful for the academy and industrial experts working in the field of telecommunication systems and information security.

Subject of Research.We propose an approach for solving machine learning classification problem that uses the information about the probability distribution on the training data class label set. The algorithm is illustrated on a complex natural language processing task - classification of Arabic dialects. Method. Each object in the training set is associated with a probability distribution over the class label set instead of a particular class label. The proposed approach solves the classification problem taking into account the probability distribution over the class label set to improve the quality of the built classifier. Main Results. The suggested approach is illustrated on the automatic Arabic dialects classification example. Mined from the Twitter social network, the analyzed data contain word-marks and belong to the following six Arabic dialects: Saudi, Levantine, Algerian, Egyptian, Iraq, Jordan, and to the modern standard Arabic (MSA). The paper results demonstrate an increase of the quality of the built classifier achieved by taking into account probability distributions over the set of classes. Experiments carried out show that even relatively naive accounting of the probability distributions improves the precision of the classifier from 44% to 67%. Practical Relevance. Our approach and corresponding algorithm could be effectively used in situations when a manual annotation process performed by experts is connected with significant financial and time resources, but it is possible to create a system of heuristic rules. The implementation of the proposed algorithm enables to decrease significantly the data preparation expenses without substantial losses in the precision of the classification.

The paper deals with identification and authentication of web users participating in the Internet information processes (based on features of online texts).In digital forensics web user identification based on various linguistic features can be used to discover identity of individuals, criminals or terrorists using the Internet to commit cybercrimes. Internet could be used as a tool in different types of cybercrimes (fraud and identity theft, harassment and anonymous threats, terrorist or extremist statements, distribution of illegal content and information warfare). Linguistic identification of web users is a kind of biometric identification, it can be used to narrow down the suspects, identify a criminal and prosecute him. Feature set includes various linguistic and stylistic features extracted from online texts. We propose dynamic feature selection for each web user identification task. Selection is based on calculating Manhattan distance to k-nearest neighbors (Relief-f algorithm). This approach improves the identification accuracy and minimizes the number of features. Experiments were carried out on several datasets with different level of class imbalance. Experiment results showed that features relevance varies in different set of web users (probable authors of some text); features selection for each set of web users improves identification accuracy by 4% at the average that is approximately 1% higher than with the use of static set of features. The proposed approach is most effective for a small number of training samples (messages) per user

Sentiment analysis of short texts such as Twitter messages and comments in news portals is challenging due to the lack of contextual information. We propose a deep neural network model that uses bilingual word embeddings to effectively solve sentiment classification problem for a given pair of languages. We apply our approach to two corpora of two different language pairs: English-Russian and Russian-Kazakh. We show how to train a classifier in one language and predict in another. Our approach achieves 73% accuracy for English and 74% accuracy for Russian. For Kazakh sentiment analysis, we propose a baseline method, that achieves 60% accuracy; and a method to learn bilingual embeddings from a large unlabeled corpus using a bilingual word pairs.

Subject of Study.We present a method for heat flux measuring with the use of polarization properties of ferroelectric ceramics. Heat flux innovative sensor is developed on the basis of the proposed method. Its experimental verification is carried out. Method. The measurements are based on maintaining a balance between the processes caused by thermal energy and the energy of the electric field in the ferroelectric ceramics. Main Results. The testing of the proposed heat flux sensor has been organized in two stages. At the first stage the primary calibration has been performed by calibrated sensors ITP MG4.03/x(y) “Potok”. At the second stage the testing of heat flux sensor has been carried out for calculating the quantity of heat. The comparison of the results to the readings of serial heat meters VKT-7 and STK-15 has been performed. Experiments have shown that the polarization properties of the ferroelectric ceramics can be used to measure the heat flow. Practical Relevance. The proposed sensor can be recommended as an apartment-level heat meter. The calibration of the proposed heat flux sensor with more accurate measurement tools gives the possibility to include it on the State Register of Measuring Instruments.

Subject of Research. The paper deals with synthesis of passive infra red (PIR) detectors with enhanced detection capability of qualified intruder who uses different types of detection countermeasures: the choice of specific movement direction and disguise in infrared band. Methods. We propose an approach based on quasi-point model of qualified intruder. It includes: separation of model  priority parameters, formation of partial detection patterns adapted to those parameters and multi channel signal processing. Main Results. Quasi-pointmodel of qualified intruder consisting of different fragments was suggested.  Power density difference was used for model parameters estimation. Criteria were formulated for detection pattern parameters choice on the basis of model parameters. Pyroelectric sensor with nine sensitive elements was applied for increasing the signal information content. Multi-channel processing with multiple partial detection patterns was proposed  optimized  for detection of intruder's specific movement direction. Practical Relevance. Developed functional device diagram can be realized both by hardware and software and is applicable as one of detection channels for dual technology passive infrared  and microwave detectors.

Subject of Research. The paper deals with the problem of an adequate mathematical model of mass transfer process occurring during evaporation and concentration of spent process solution in a centrifugal evaporator with variable geometric parameters. The model provides a science-based forecast of the process parameters. Methods. Definition of the film flow parameters on a rotating conical surface of the centrifugal evaporator rotor is carried out on the basis of the solution of Navier-Stokes equations. Solution of the system of differential equations describing the mass transfer process in the studied dynamic system is performed by numerical methods. With this aim in view, we realized semi-implicit finite difference scheme for the SIMPLE pressure. Main Results. We have developed an algorithm and performed numerical solution of differential equations describing the mass transfer process occurring during concentration of the working solution in the centrifugal type evaporator. On the basis of the obtained numerical solution we have created a computer model of the given process. With the aid of the model we have defined basic hydrodynamic and operating parameters of the evaporator, as well as dependencies between them. Practical Relevance. Developed computer model of the mass transfer process enables to define the parameters of the solution moving along the conical surface of the centrifugal evaporator rotor: speed, pressure and the thickness of the flowing-down film. The results can be applied in real industrial process management and during personnel training.

Subject of Research. The paper deals with development outcomes for creation method of one-electron wave functions of complex atoms, relatively simple, symmetrical for all atom electrons and free from hard computations. The accuracy and resource intensity of the approach are focused on systematic calculations of cross sections and rate constants of elementary processes of inelastic collisions of atoms or molecules with electrons (ionization, excitation, excitation transfer, and others). Method. The method is based on a set of two iterative processes. At the first iteration step the Schrödinger equation was solved numerically for the radial parts of the electron wave functions in the potential of the atomic core self-consistent field. At the second iteration step the new approximationfor the atomic core field is created that uses found solutions for all one-electron wave functions. The solution optimization for described multiparameter problem is achieved by the use of genetic algorithm. The suitability of the developed method was verified by comparing the calculation results with numerous data on the energies of atoms in the ground and excited states. Main Results. We have created the run-time version of the program for creation of sets of one-electron wave functions and calculation of the cross sections and constants of collisional transition rates in the first Born approximation. The priori available information about binding energies of the electrons for any many-particle system for creation of semi-empirical refined solutions for the one-electron wave functions can be considered at any step of this procedure. Practical Relevance. The proposed solution enables a simple and rapid preparation of input data for the numerical simulation of nonlocal gas discharge plasma. The approach is focused on the calculation of discharges in complex gas mixtures requiring inclusion in the model of a large number of elementary collisional and radiation processes involving heavy particles in different quantum states.

The paper deals with the parametrical identification method of differential-difference heat transfer models during determining of lidar temperature condition. The problem is solved for enclosure external flange that is the most thermally influenced device part. During researches carried out in a climatic chamber, discrepancy of the both flange temperature and mounted on it sensor temperature is detected. The need of measuring system thermal inertia compensation for the purpose of error decrease is proved. The algorithm for transient flange temperature determining by forward heat transfer problem solution is formed. The inverse procedure is carried out for the purpose of discrepancy minimizing between true object temperature and measured temperature. Computational experiments are carried out for calculating lidar enclosure flange temperature field under known external heat transfer conditions with the use of special computer program and experimental data. The experiment results enable to conclude about the value of error emerging because of temperature measuring system thermal inertia. We show application feasibility for proposed method of parametrical identification of differential-difference heat transfer model in object for error decrease during the device temperature monitoring and control.

We present the results of the pulsed ultraviolet laser effect on the spectral properties of the potassium-aluminium-borate glasses doped with the copper chloride nanocrystals with the average size of 3.1-6.3 nm. We have studied the changes of the exciton absorption spectra of the CuCl nanocrystals induced by different duration of the laser exposure. The results show the possibility of the laser-induced crystallization and growth of the nanocrystals. For the first time the effect of the irreversible photochromism has been obtained in the potassium-aluminium-borate glasses doped with the copper chloride nanocrystals. The effect is associated with the formation of the temperature stable Cu0n colloidal color centers.           

We have developed and realized instrumental means for automated support of end-to-end design process for design documentation on a product at the programming level. The proposed decision is based on processing of the engineering project data that are contained in interdependent design documents: tactical technical characteristics of products, data on the valuable metals contained in them, the list of components applied in a product and others. Processing of engineering data is based on their conversion to the form provided by requirements of industry standards for design documentation preparation. The general graph of the design documentation developed on a product is provided. The description of the developed software product is given. Automated preparation process of interdependent design documents is shown on the example of preparation of purchased products list. Results of work can be used in case of research and development activities on creation of perspective samples of ADP equipment.

The paper presents results of work on control system design for tiltable plate with two degrees of freedom. Designed robotic system includes technical vision system that provides an opportunity to get the position of the control object placed on the square plate. Two servomotors provide each tilting axis operation. Single-board computer transmits angle values and other design elements to the servomotors by USB interface from the workstation. The problem of the object stabilization in the given coordinates on the plate is solved.

The paper proposes a new approach to the design of the technological equipment used for surface treatment of a free-form object by laser radiation. Design advantages and disadvantages of the similar laser cutting machine with beam focusing control are considered. We propose a new scheme that improves the optical characteristics of the device by reducing the number of reflections in the collimating system. The base for the proposed mechanism is XY table with numerical control. The driven element of the apparatus is the optical head with the ability to adjust the focal distance and the system of beam stabilization based on a modified Stewart platform. Laser radiation of the ultraviolet range is transmitted from the laser source through the optical fiber. A proposed solution is implemented in experimental device for selective polymer curing.

The paper deals with the hardware and software implementation of automated remote management system of laboratory equipment for studying fundamentals of electronics and circuit technology. This system gives the possibility to create the virtual model of a real stand. The original software has enabled to compare information from the memory of microcontroller keeping in laboratory stands with etalon model, and reveal discrepancies of set connections and template data. Graphical interface allows for operation control of students and correction of studying process. Automation of configuring and the following checking procedures has accelerated the work and decreased error frequency, made it possible to improve the quality of learning, increase efficiency of laboratory researches and control accuracy, intensify the check procedure and use self-checking in case of independent execution of tasks.